![]() and USSR in Earth Orbit following termination of both country's moon programs. The last major leap of the Space Age was the Skylab and Salyute programs, which established the first space stations for the U.S. Since then, public attention has largely moved to other areas. The landing of Apollo 11 was watched by over 500 million people around the world and is widely recognized as one of the defining moments of the 20th century. The Soviet Union proceeded tentatively with its own lunar landing program which it did not publicly acknowledge, partly due to internal debate over its necessity and the untimely death (in January 1966) of Sergey Korolev, chief engineer of the Soviet space program. From 1961 to 1964, NASA’s budget was increased almost 500 percent, and the lunar landing program eventually involved some 34,000 NASA employees and 375,000 employees of industrial and university contractors. The Space Race reached its peak with the Apollo program that captured the imagination of much of the world's population. Prior to the first attempted human spaceflight, various animals were flown into outer space to identify potential detrimental effects of high g-forces in takeoff and landing, microgravity, and radiation exposure at high altitudes. Eisenhower created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, commonly known as NASA. In 1958 the United States launched its first satellite, Explorer 1. Much of the technology developed for space applications has been spun off and found additional uses, such as memory foam. Other reasons for the continuation of the space age are defending Earth from hazardous objects like asteroids and comets. Since then the space age continues for the generation of scientific knowledge, the innovation and creation of markets, inspiration, and agreements between the space-fairing nations. The cold war era competition between the United States and Soviet Union is one of the reasons the space age happened at that time. The advantages, in aviation and rocketry, required for delivery systems were seen as necessary for national security and political superiority. Both nations made use of German missile technology and scientists from their missile program. The two nations were also in a nuclear arms race following the Second World War. One of the underlying motivations for the space race was military. The race resulted in rapid advances in rocketry, materials science, and other areas. The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union began in 1957 with the launching of the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1. Weighing 83.6 kg (184.3 lb) and orbiting the Earth once every 98 minutes. The Space Age was an era of new military, political, technological, and scientific developments which began with the Soviet Union's October 4, 1957, launch of Earth's first artificial satellite Sputnik 1. History The Space Launch System lifts off on its maiden flight to space, then on to the Moon. New developments include the participation of billionaires in crewed space travel, including space tourism. In the early 2020s, some journalists have used the phrase "New Space Age" in reference to a resurgence of innovation and public interest in space exploration as well as commercial applications of low Earth orbit (LEO) and more distant destinations. ![]() When the USSR dissolved the Russian Federation continued their program as Roscosmos. They formed organizations such as the European Space Agency ( ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA), the Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO), and the China National Space Administration ( CNSA). This period of competition gave way to cooperation between those nations and emphasis on scientific research and commercial applications of space-based technology.Įventually other nations became spacefaring. The United States established the National Aviation and Space Administration ( NASA) and the USSR established the Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR to meet these goals. Initially, the United States and the Soviet Union invested unprecedented amounts of resources in breaking records and being first to meet milestones in crewed and uncrewed exploration. This period is characterized by changes in emphasis on particular areas of space exploration and applications. The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events, beginning with the launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, and continuing to the present. The signals of Sputnik 1 continued for 22 days. Historical period started in 1957 The launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite marked the start of the Space Age.
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